Pituitary Gland: Produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, growth, and various bodily functions.
Thyroid Gland: Produces hormones that control metabolism, energy levels, and growth.
Adrenal Glands: Produce hormones involved in stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance.
Pancreas: Produces insulin and glucagon, hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
Gonads (Ovaries and Testes): Produce sex hormones that regulate reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.
Common conditions managed by endocrinologists include thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism), diabetes mellitus, adrenal gland disorders (Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease), pituitary gland disorders, and hormonal imbalances.

Diabetology:
Diabetology is a subspecialty within endocrinology that specifically focuses on diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. There are several types of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 Diabetes: The most common form of diabetes, often related to obesity and lifestyle factors. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin and may not produce enough insulin.

Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. It usually resolves after childbirth but increases the risk of type 2 diabetes later in life.

Diabetologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diabetes. They work with patients to develop personalized treatment plans that may involve lifestyle modifications, oral medications, injectable medications, and insulin therapy.