Degenerative Disc Disease: This is a condition where the spinal discs, which act as cushions between vertebrae, deteriorate over time. It can lead to pain, nerve compression, and reduced mobility.

Herniated Disc: Also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, this occurs when the inner portion of a disc protrudes through its outer layer, potentially pressing on spinal nerves and causing pain or weakness.

Spinal Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to compression of the spinal cord or nerves. It can cause pain, numbness, and weakness.

Scoliosis: Scoliosis involves an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Severe cases might require surgery to correct the curvature and prevent further progression.

Spinal Fractures: Fractures in the vertebrae can result from trauma, osteoporosis, or other medical conditions. Surgery might be necessary to stabilize the spine and promote healing.

Tumors: Tumors that grow within or around the spine can compress spinal structures and cause pain or neurological deficits. Surgery may be needed to remove the tumor and relieve pressure.

Infections: Infections of the spine, such as spinal abscesses or osteomyelitis, might require surgery to remove the infected tissue and prevent further spread.

There are different approaches to spine surgery, including:

Open Surgery: Traditional open surgery involves making a larger incision to access the spine. It allows for a direct view of the affected area and can be effective for complex cases.

Minimally Invasive Surgery: These techniques involve making smaller incisions and using specialized tools and cameras to access and treat the spine. Minimally invasive approaches generally result in less tissue damage, reduced pain, and faster recovery times.

Laser Surgery: This approach uses laser technology to remove or shrink damaged tissue, such as herniated discs. It’s often used in minimally invasive procedures.

Fusion Surgery: Fusion involves permanently joining two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine and reduce pain. It’s commonly used to treat conditions like degenerative disc disease and spondylolisthesis.

Disc Replacement Surgery: In this procedure, a damaged spinal disc is replaced with an artificial one, preserving some natural movement between vertebrae.